Biology
Cell Structure and Function flashcards
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- What does “Cell theory” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- Organisms are made of cells; cells are basic living units; cells arise from cells.
- What does “Unicellular” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- Made of one cell.
- What does “Multicellular” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- Made of many cells.
- What does “Acellular” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- Not organized as a cell.
- What does “Magnification” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- How many times larger an image appears than the object.
- What does “Resolution” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- Ability to distinguish nearby details.
- What does “Light microscope” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- An instrument using light and lenses to view specimens.
- What does “Scale bar” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- A marker connecting image length to real length.
- What does “Stain” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- A treatment that increases visibility of selected structures.
- What does “False color” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- Color added to an image for interpretation.
- What does “Section” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- A slice showing only part of a three-dimensional object.
- What does “Image limitation” mean?Cell Theory and Microscopy
- A detail that the imaging method cannot reliably show.
- What does “Plasma membrane” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A selective boundary around a cell.
- What does “Cytoplasm” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Cell material inside the membrane, excluding the nucleus when present.
- What does “Genetic material” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Information molecules inherited and used by cells.
- What does “Ribosome” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A structure that builds proteins from RNA instructions.
- What does “Prokaryote” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- An organism whose cells lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
- What does “Nucleoid” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A region where much prokaryotic DNA is located.
- What does “Plasmid” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A small DNA molecule found in some cells.
- What does “Bacteria and archaea” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Two distinct groups of prokaryotes.
- What does “Eukaryote” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- An organism whose cells have a membrane-bound nucleus.
- What does “Nucleus” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A membrane-bound compartment containing most nuclear DNA.
- What does “Organelle” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- A specialized cell structure, often membrane-bound.
- What does “Compartmentalization” mean?Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
- Separating cellular processes into distinct spaces.
- What does “Nucleus” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- A compartment containing most nuclear DNA in eukaryotes.
- What does “Transcription” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- Making an RNA copy from a DNA template.
- What does “Messenger RNA” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- An RNA message used to make a protein.
- What does “Ribosome” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- A protein-building structure found in all cells.
- What does “Rough ER” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes involved in processing many proteins.
- What does “Smooth ER” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- Endoplasmic reticulum with roles such as lipid synthesis.
- What does “Golgi apparatus” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- A compartment that modifies, sorts, and ships cargo.
- What does “Vesicle” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- A small membrane-enclosed carrier.
- What does “Mitochondrion” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- An organelle involved in aerobic energy conversion in many eukaryotic cells.
- What does “Chloroplast” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- An organelle supporting photosynthesis in plants and algae.
- What does “Cellular respiration” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- Processes that release energy from fuel molecules for cellular use.
- What does “Photosynthesis” mean?Organelles and Their Roles
- Processes that use light energy to build organic molecules.
- What does “Gene expression” mean?Cell Specialization
- Using genetic information to produce functional RNA or protein.
- What does “Cell differentiation” mean?Cell Specialization
- Development of specialized cell features and roles.
- What does “Regulation” mean?Cell Specialization
- Control over when and how much a gene is used.
- What does “Cell identity” mean?Cell Specialization
- A cell’s characteristic pattern of structure and function.
- What does “Tissue” mean?Cell Specialization
- Cooperating cells and surrounding material with a related function.
- What does “Organ” mean?Cell Specialization
- A structure with multiple tissues working together.
- What does “Extracellular matrix” mean?Cell Specialization
- Material outside cells that helps support and organize tissues.
- What does “Cell communication” mean?Cell Specialization
- Signals exchanged among cells.
- What does “Stem cell” mean?Cell Specialization
- A cell able to self-renew and produce some specialized descendants.
- What does “Self-renewal” mean?Cell Specialization
- Making more cells with similar stem-cell capacity.
- What does “Differentiated cell” mean?Cell Specialization
- A cell with specialized features and functions.
- What does “Developmental potential” mean?Cell Specialization
- The range of cell types a cell can produce.
- What does “Surface area” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- The amount of outer membrane area available for exchange.
- What does “Volume” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- The space inside a cell.
- What does “Surface-area-to-volume ratio” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- Outer area compared with internal volume.
- What does “Membrane fold” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- A shape feature that can increase exchange area.
- What does “Cytoskeleton” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- A changing network of protein filaments inside cells.
- What does “Microtubule” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- A tubular cytoskeletal structure involved in organization and transport.
- What does “Actin filament” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- A thin cytoskeletal filament involved in shape and movement.
- What does “Intracellular transport” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- Movement of materials within a cell.
- What does “Structure-function claim” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- An explanation connecting a feature to a role.
- What does “Mechanism” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- The proposed process linking a feature to an effect.
- What does “Comparison” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- Evidence from contrasting cells or conditions.
- What does “Control” mean?Structure and Function in Cells
- A reference that helps interpret a test.