Early Civilizations flashcards

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What is meant by “Mesopotamia” in this lesson?River valley societies: Mesopotamian societies developed in the Tigris-Euphrates region with varied city-based political systems.
What is meant by “Ancient Egypt” in this lesson?River valley societies: Nile environments supported agriculture within changing Egyptian political structures.
What is meant by “Indus cities” in this lesson?River valley societies: Indus settlements included planned urban features and extensive exchange.
What is meant by “Early Chinese states” in this lesson?River valley societies: Early states developed in regions including the Yellow River basin.
What is meant by “Irrigation” in this lesson?River valley societies: Irrigation directs water to crops and requires maintenance and coordination.
What is meant by “Surplus” in this lesson?River valley societies: Stored production can support specialized activities without guaranteeing equal distribution.
What is meant by “State authority” in this lesson?Government, belief, and writing: States organized power through institutions, resources, and coercion.
What is meant by “Legitimacy” in this lesson?Government, belief, and writing: Rulers justified authority through claims such as tradition, religion, or achievement.
What is meant by “Writing systems” in this lesson?Government, belief, and writing: Writing recorded language or information through conventional signs.
What is meant by “Law codes” in this lesson?Government, belief, and writing: Written legal collections reveal rules and unequal social distinctions in their contexts.
What is meant by “Religious practice” in this lesson?Government, belief, and writing: Beliefs and rituals varied across communities and changed over time.
What is meant by “Social hierarchy” in this lesson?Government, belief, and writing: Societies organized unequal access to resources, labor, and authority.
What is meant by “Environmental adaptation” in this lesson?Comparing early civilizations: Communities adapted to resources and hazards through varied strategies.
What is meant by “Urban planning” in this lesson?Comparing early civilizations: Settlement layouts can reveal coordinated infrastructure and social organization.
What is meant by “Political variation” in this lesson?Comparing early civilizations: Early societies included different relationships between cities, rulers, and wider territories.
What is meant by “Exchange networks” in this lesson?Comparing early civilizations: Trade connected communities beyond their immediate environment.
What is meant by “Archaeological limits” in this lesson?Comparing early civilizations: Material remains do not reveal every belief or political event.
What is meant by “Comparative evidence” in this lesson?Comparing early civilizations: A valid comparison uses matching categories and suitable evidence.