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Describing Distributions flashcards

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What does “Arithmetic Mean” mean?Center and Spread
The equal-share average of a numerical dataset.
What important condition applies to arithmetic mean?Center and Spread
An extreme value can pull the mean away from most observations.
What does “Population Standard Deviation” mean?Center and Spread
A root-mean-square measure of distance from a population mean.
What important condition applies to population standard deviation?Center and Spread
Use population N only when treating the data as the complete population.
What does “Outlier Fences” mean?Shape and Outliers
A conventional boundary for screening unusually distant numerical values.
What important condition applies to outlier fences?Shape and Outliers
A flagged outlier is not automatically an invalid observation.
What does “Shape and Resistance” mean?Shape and Outliers
The differing sensitivity of center summaries to extreme observations.
What important condition applies to shape and resistance?Shape and Outliers
Mean above median is suggestive, not a complete proof of distribution shape.
What does “Comparing Centers” mean?Comparing Groups
A comparison of typical locations using a consistent summary.
What important condition applies to comparing centers?Comparing Groups
A center difference alone does not describe overlap or establish causation.
What does “Comparing Variability” mean?Comparing Groups
A comparison of how widely values vary within groups.
What important condition applies to comparing variability?Comparing Groups
Do not substitute a range for an IQR in a same-measure comparison.