Thinking and Decision-Making flashcards

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What is meant by “Concept” in this lesson?Concepts and problem solving: A concept is a mental category organizing related examples or properties.
What is meant by “Algorithm” in this lesson?Concepts and problem solving: An algorithm is a specified procedure for solving a class of problems.
What is meant by “Heuristic” in this lesson?Concepts and problem solving: A heuristic is a simplifying strategy that does not guarantee a correct outcome.
What is meant by “Mental set” in this lesson?Concepts and problem solving: A mental set favors a familiar approach even when another may work better.
What is meant by “Functional fixedness” in this lesson?Concepts and problem solving: Functional fixedness restricts thinking about alternative uses of an object.
What is meant by “Problem representation” in this lesson?Concepts and problem solving: Representation organizes a problem's information, constraints, and goal.
What is meant by “Confirmation bias” in this lesson?Judgment and biases: Confirmation bias favors seeking or interpreting information supporting existing beliefs.
What is meant by “Availability heuristic” in this lesson?Judgment and biases: Availability uses ease of recalling examples to judge frequency or likelihood.
What is meant by “Anchoring” in this lesson?Judgment and biases: Anchoring occurs when an initial value influences a later estimate.
What is meant by “Framing effect” in this lesson?Judgment and biases: Framing changes decisions through different presentations of equivalent information.
What is meant by “Overconfidence” in this lesson?Judgment and biases: Overconfidence is confidence exceeding warranted accuracy or evidence.
What is meant by “Base-rate neglect” in this lesson?Judgment and biases: Base-rate neglect underweights relevant prior frequency information.
What is meant by “Phoneme” in this lesson?Language and thought: A phoneme is a speech-sound distinction relevant to a language's meaning contrasts.
What is meant by “Morpheme” in this lesson?Language and thought: A morpheme is a smallest meaning-bearing linguistic unit.
What is meant by “Syntax” in this lesson?Language and thought: Syntax describes rules or patterns for combining units into sentences.
What is meant by “Semantics” in this lesson?Language and thought: Semantics concerns meaning in language.
What is meant by “Pragmatics” in this lesson?Language and thought: Pragmatics concerns language use and interpretation in context.
What is meant by “Language-thought relationship” in this lesson?Language and thought: Language can influence attention and categorization without completely determining thought.