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Transformations and Congruence flashcards

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TranslationTranslations
A slide that moves every point the same distance in the same direction.
Coordinate rule for a translation by (a,b)?Translations
(x,y) → (x+a,y+b).
What moves during a translation?Translations
Every point moves by the same vector.
Does a translation change side lengths?Translations
No.
Translation by (−2,3) moves a point how?Translations
2 left and 3 up.
What is a zero translation?Translations
(x,y) → (x,y).
Vector from P(x,y) to P′(u,v)?Translations
(u−x,v−y).
Vector from (1,2) to (5,3)?Translations
(4,1).
Do all points share one vector in a translation?Translations
Yes.
What does a negative horizontal component mean?Translations
Move left.
What does a positive vertical component mean?Translations
Move up.
Is translation a rigid motion?Translations
Yes.
Does translation preserve angle measure?Translations
Yes.
Does translation reverse orientation?Translations
No.
Can translation change area?Translations
No.
Are a figure and its translated image congruent?Translations
Yes.
Reflection across x-axis?Reflections
(x,y) → (x,−y).
Reflection across y-axis?Reflections
(x,y) → (−x,y).
What happens to a point on the mirror axis?Reflections
It stays fixed.
Reflection across y=x?Reflections
(x,y) → (y,x).
Reflection across y=−x?Reflections
(x,y) → (−y,−x).
What happens to points on y=x when reflected there?Reflections
They stay fixed.
Does reflection preserve distance?Reflections
Yes.
Does a reflection reverse orientation?Reflections
Yes.
How far are corresponding points from the mirror line?Reflections
Equally far.
What does the mirror line do to the point-image segment?Reflections
Perpendicularly bisects it, unless the point is on the line.
Is a figure congruent to its reflection?Reflections
Yes.
90° CCW about origin?Rotations
(x,y) → (−y,x).
90° CW about origin?Rotations
(x,y) → (y,−x).
Which direction is counterclockwise?Rotations
Opposite a clock hand’s usual direction.
180° about origin?Rotations
(x,y) → (−x,−y).
Are 180° clockwise and counterclockwise rotations the same?Rotations
Yes.
What is a half turn?Rotations
180°.
Does repeating a 180° rotation restore the original?Rotations
Yes.
What is a center of rotation?Rotations
The fixed point around which a figure turns.
Does rotation preserve lengths?Rotations
Yes.
Does rotation preserve orientation?Rotations
Yes.
Does the center move under rotation?Rotations
No.
Are rotated figures congruent?Rotations
Yes.
Name three rigid motions.Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Translation, reflection, rotation.
What do rigid motions preserve?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Distance and angle measure.
Is a dilation of scale 2 rigid?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
No.
Does a rigid motion preserve area?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Yes.
Can a rigid motion change a figure’s size?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
No.
What is a composition of transformations?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Applying transformations in sequence.
Does transformation order always commute?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
No.
Which step happens first in “reflect, then translate”?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Reflect.
Can two reflections make a translation or rotation?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Yes, depending on mirror lines.
How do you track a composition?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Apply each coordinate rule in the stated order.
Line symmetry means?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
A reflection maps the figure onto itself.
Rotational symmetry means?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
A turn less than 360° maps the figure onto itself.
Does every square have line symmetry?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
Yes.
Smallest positive rotational symmetry angle of a square?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
90°.
Does every figure have nontrivial symmetry?Rigid Motions and Symmetry
No.
How can rigid motions establish congruence?Triangle Congruence
Map one figure exactly onto the other.
Are corresponding sides of congruent triangles equal?Triangle Congruence
Yes.
Are corresponding angles of congruent triangles equal?Triangle Congruence
Yes.
Does reflection prevent congruence?Triangle Congruence
No.
Can a dilation of factor 2 show congruence?Triangle Congruence
No.
What does SSS mean?Triangle Congruence
Three pairs of corresponding sides congruent.
What does SAS mean?Triangle Congruence
Two sides and the included angle congruent.
What does ASA mean?Triangle Congruence
Two angles and the included side congruent.
What does AAS mean?Triangle Congruence
Two angles and a non-included side congruent.
Does AAA prove triangle congruence?Triangle Congruence
No; it shows similarity.
Does SSA generally prove congruence?Triangle Congruence
No.
What does HL apply to?Triangle Congruence
Right triangles.
What must match for HL?Triangle Congruence
Hypotenuse and one corresponding leg.
Why is SSA called ambiguous?Triangle Congruence
The conditions can fit more than one triangle.
Does HL apply to arbitrary non-right triangles?Triangle Congruence
No.