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What is meant by “Mineral” in this lesson?Minerals: A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic solid with an ordered internal structure and characteristic chemical composition.
What is meant by “Hardness” in this lesson?Minerals: Hardness describes resistance to scratching relative to other materials.
What is meant by “Streak” in this lesson?Minerals: Streak is the color of a mineral's powdered material.
What is meant by “Cleavage” in this lesson?Minerals: Cleavage is a tendency to break along planes of structural weakness.
What is meant by “Fracture” in this lesson?Minerals: Fracture describes breakage that does not follow cleavage planes.
What is meant by “Luster” in this lesson?Minerals: Luster describes how a mineral surface reflects light.
What is meant by “Igneous rock” in this lesson?Rock types: Igneous rock forms when magma or lava cools and solidifies.
What is meant by “Sedimentary rock” in this lesson?Rock types: Sedimentary rock forms from accumulated sediment or chemical or biological deposits.
What is meant by “Metamorphic rock” in this lesson?Rock types: Metamorphic rock forms when existing rock changes under heat, pressure, or reactive fluids without fully melting.
What is meant by “Intrusive texture” in this lesson?Rock types: Slow cooling below the surface often permits larger crystals to grow in igneous rock.
What is meant by “Extrusive texture” in this lesson?Rock types: Rapid cooling at or near the surface commonly produces small crystals or volcanic glass.
What is meant by “Foliation” in this lesson?Rock types: Foliation is a planar arrangement produced by mineral alignment or compositional bands in some metamorphic rocks.
What is meant by “Melting” in this lesson?The rock cycle: Melting converts solid rock into liquid material under appropriate temperature and pressure conditions.
What is meant by “Crystallization” in this lesson?The rock cycle: Crystallization forms solid crystals from cooling melt or a solution.
What is meant by “Weathering and transport” in this lesson?The rock cycle: Breakdown and movement provide sediment that may later form sedimentary rock.
What is meant by “Lithification” in this lesson?The rock cycle: Compaction and cementation turn loose sediment into sedimentary rock.
What is meant by “Metamorphism” in this lesson?The rock cycle: Metamorphism changes minerals or textures in solid rock without complete melting.
What is meant by “Uplift and exposure” in this lesson?The rock cycle: Tectonic uplift and erosion can bring buried rocks toward the surface.